Digital Outputs and the Building Blocks of C++

10 Lektionen in dieser Stufe

1. Driving an External LED from a Digital Pin
   Use pinMode and digitalWrite to switch a pin between 0 V and 5 V. · Lab: Move your LED circuit from the 5 V pin to pin 8 and blink it.
2. Variables and Constants: Giving Pins and Times a Name
   Declare int variables and const values and use them instead of bare numbers. · Lab: Rewrite Blink so pin number and delay are named constants, then change them in one place.
3. Integer Types and Arithmetic in Sketches
   Use int, long and byte with the arithmetic operators and predict integer division results. · Lab: Make each blink 50 ms shorter than the last until it restarts at one second.
4. Repeating Work with for Loops
   Write counted loops with a start, a condition and a step. · Lab: Blink an LED exactly five times, pause, and repeat.
5. while Loops and Counting Down
   Use while for repetition that depends on a changing condition. · Lab: Create a countdown where blinks speed up until a final long flash.
6. Writing Your Own Functions with Parameters
   Define void functions that take arguments to remove repeated code. · Lab: Write flash(pin, times, duration) and call it for three different LEDs.
7. Functions That Return Values
   Return a computed result from a function and use it in an expression. · Lab: Write a function that returns a delay from a step number and use it in a chase effect.
8. Pin Current Limits and Sharing Load Across Pins
   Stay within per-pin and total current limits of the ATmega328P. · Lab: Calculate and measure the total current of eight LEDs and decide on safe resistor values.
9. Six-LED Running Light on Consecutive Pins
   Combine a for loop with pin numbers to animate a row of LEDs in both directions. · Lab: Build a bouncing light on pins 2–7 with adjustable speed constant.
10. Sequencing a Traffic Light with Named Phases
    Structure a timed sequence into clearly named phase functions. · Lab: Program one traffic light through red, red-yellow, green and yellow with realistic timings.

Abschlussprojekt

A two-way traffic light model with correct phase timing, written with named constants and reusable functions.

Teile für diese Stufe

• 1 × UNO-compatible board
• 1 × USB cable matching the board
• 1 × Solderless breadboard 830 points
• 1 × Jumper wire set male-male
• 8 × Resistor 220 ohm
• 3 × LED 5 mm red
• 2 × LED 5 mm yellow
• 3 × LED 5 mm green
• 1 × Digital multimeter

In jeder Lektion legst du die passenden Teile direkt in den Warenkorb. Arduino-kompatibel →