Analog Inputs: Measuring a Continuous World

10 Lektionen in dieser Stufe

1. Analog versus Digital Signals and the 10-Bit Converter
   Describe how the ADC turns 0–5 V into numbers from 0 to 1023. · Lab: Calculate the voltage step per count and the count expected for 3.3 V.
2. Reading a Potentiometer with analogRead
   Wire a potentiometer as a variable voltage source and read it. · Lab: Print and plot the reading while turning the knob end to end.
3. Converting Raw Readings to Volts
   Turn counts into volts with float arithmetic and check against a meter. · Lab: Build a simple serial voltmeter and compare five readings with the multimeter.
4. Voltage Dividers: Theory and Measurement
   Calculate and build a divider and understand loading. · Lab: Divide 5 V to about 3.3 V with two resistors and verify by measurement.
5. Light Sensing with a Photoresistor
   Use an LDR in a divider to produce a light-dependent voltage. · Lab: Plot light level while shading the sensor and note bright and dark values.
6. Scaling Values with map and constrain
   Convert one numeric range to another and clamp out-of-range values. · Lab: Map the potentiometer to a blink interval between 50 and 1000 ms.
7. Temperature from an LM35 Analog Sensor
   Convert a sensor's millivolt output into degrees Celsius. · Lab: Print room temperature and watch it rise when you hold the sensor.
8. Smoothing Noisy Readings by Averaging
   Reduce noise by averaging several samples and understand the delay it adds. · Lab: Plot raw and averaged temperature together for different sample counts.
9. Thresholds and Hysteresis for Stable Switching
   Prevent flicker at a switching point by using two thresholds. · Lab: Switch an LED on in the dark with and without hysteresis and compare.
10. Analog Joystick: Two Axes and a Button
    Read two analog axes and a digital button and handle the centre dead zone. · Lab: Print direction words such as LEFT and UP from joystick movement.

Abschlussprojekt

An automatic night light with adjustable threshold, hysteresis and a live plot of light level and switching state.

Teile für diese Stufe

• 1 × UNO-compatible board
• 1 × USB cable matching the board
• 1 × Solderless breadboard 830 points
• 1 × Jumper wire set male-male
• 2 × Potentiometer 10 kilohm
• 1 × Photoresistor (LDR)
• 3 × Resistor 10 kilohm
• 3 × Resistor 220 ohm
• 3 × LED 5 mm assorted
• 1 × LM35 analog temperature sensor
• 1 × Analog joystick module
• 1 × Digital multimeter

In jeder Lektion legst du die passenden Teile direkt in den Warenkorb. Arduino-kompatibel →