Files, Users and Permissions

10 Lektionen in dieser Stufe

1. How the Linux Directory Tree Is Organised
   Say what belongs in /home, /etc, /var, /usr, /boot/firmware, /dev and /proc. · Lab: Explore each top-level directory and write one sentence about what you found there.
2. Users, Groups and Why You Are Not root
   Create users and groups and explain why daily work is not done as root. · Lab: Add a second user, create a group, add both users to it and check with id.
3. Using sudo Responsibly
   Run single commands with elevated rights and understand the risk. · Lab: Try an administrative command without sudo, repeat it with sudo and find the entry in the auth log.
4. Reading and Changing Permissions with chmod
   Decode rwx strings and set permissions in symbolic and octal form. · Lab: Make a script executable, lock a private file to yourself and predict each ls -l line before checking.
5. Ownership with chown and Group-Based Access
   Share a folder between users through group ownership and the setgid bit. · Lab: Build a shared folder that both users can write to and verify new files inherit the group.
6. Watching and Stopping Processes with ps, top and kill
   Find a running program, read its resource use and stop it cleanly. · Lab: Start a runaway loop, locate it in top and end it with SIGTERM, then with SIGKILL.
7. Checking Disk Space and Memory with df, du and free
   Read storage and memory figures and find what is using them. · Lab: Find the five largest directories under your home folder and explain the free -h columns.
8. Mounting USB Drives and Understanding Device Names
   Identify block devices and mount and unmount a drive by hand. · Lab: Plug in a flash drive, find it with lsblk, mount it, copy a file and unmount before removal.
9. Archiving and Compressing with tar and gzip
   Pack a folder into one compressed file and restore it elsewhere. · Lab: Archive your project folder to the USB drive and restore it into a temporary directory.
10. Environment Variables, PATH and Your .bashrc
    Explain how the shell finds commands and customise your session. · Lab: Add a personal bin folder to PATH, create two aliases and make them survive a reboot.

Abschlussprojekt

A shared project area for two users with correct group permissions, plus a housekeeping script that archives it to a USB drive and reports free space.

Teile für diese Stufe

• 1 × Raspberry Pi 5 or Pi 4 set from Level 1
• 1 × USB flash drive 16 GB or larger

In jeder Lektion legst du die passenden Teile direkt in den Warenkorb. Raspberry Pi →